The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) tasked the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe) to conduct an evaluation of the Confidential Close Call Reporting System (C3RS) implementation processes, sustainability, and safety outcomes. The research team assessed program effectiveness and suggested modifications to sustain and institutionalize the program. The team conducted the evaluation between September 2022 and June 2024 using a mixed-methods approach that included focus group discussions, workshop activities, and web surveys to obtain qualitative data from a cross-section of stakeholders. To assess outcomes, researchers reviewed corrective action (CA) documentation provided by railroads, FRA’s publicly available accident/incident data, and quantitative data related to report intake and safety-related communication from a trusted third party responsible for processing event reports, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).