This report examines a range of policy issues dealing with the economic regulation of surface transportation service (primarily freight) in the United States. Freight transportation represents a core element of our National economy. It provides U.S. manufacturers and consumers with access to domestic as well as global markets and has a dramatic impact on economic growth and on our international competitiveness. The surface freight transportation industry includes many different sectors--trucking, railroads, barges, pipelines, buses, and intermediaries such as freight forwarders and brokers. The structure and performance of each sector have been considered in discussing options for economic regulation.