This report, prepared at the direction of the U.S. Department of Transportation, examines safety, design, and liability issues associated with the development of shared use paths and other trails within or adjacent to active railroad and transit rights-of-way. This document is intended to explore lessons learned from the experience of rails-with-trails and to suggest practices to enhance safety and security for railroads, transit, and trail users. This report provides information for public agencies, railroads, legal interests, and trail organizations to make informed decisions.